Heating and cooling apparatus



July 12, 1932, Fy E, HARTMANN 1,866,803

HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS l l A v/Nl/'ENTOR A TTORN Y July 12, 1932.

F. E. HARTMANN HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 24. 1929 N [lll/[A0111] VIII INVENTOR ATTORNEY lll/A Patented July 12, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FREDERICK E. HARTMANN, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA, ASSIGNOR TO BAKER ICE MACHINE GO. ING., 0F OMAHA, NEBRASKA, A CORPORATION OIF` NEBRASKA HEATING AND COOLING APPARATUS Application filed October 24, 1929. Serial No. 402,020.

My invention relates to refrigerating apparatus and more particularly to apparatus for successively heating, cooling, and refrigerating a liquid, and has for its principal objects to confer a succession of heating and cooling treatments on a body of liquid supported in fiXed position, and to embody elements for transferring the several treatments in a single unit whereby the container of the liquid need not be disturbed for transition from one treatment to another.

The invention is particularly applicable to treatment of blood or serum requiring pasteurization and cooling. In serum-treating processes, a body of serum must be agitated and its temperature observed frequently during pasteurization and cooling, and the temperature of the body must be closely controlled. Interruption of agitation of the serum, for example for transfer from heating means to one or more cooling means, or irregularity in the application of heating and cooling treatments, might have damaging effects on the quality of the serum.

Further objects of my invention, therefore, are to assure continuous agitation of serum during the application of successive treatments for varying the temperature of the serum, to control the treatments for minimizing the possibly deleterious effects of transition from one treatment to another, and to apply several treatments to a body of serum while the same is being agitated.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, I have provided improved details of structure, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a fragmentary perspective view of refrigerating apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view partly sectional of the tank portion of the apparatus, a side wall and cover being broken away to show enclosed members, conduits being shown fragmentarily, and one portion being provided with serum-containing cans.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the tank with the serum cans removed, vertical conduit portions being shown in section.

Fig. 4; is a transverse vertical section through the tank including a central vertical section of a can-containing refrigerating coil unit.

Referring in detail to the drawings:

l designates a container for liquid to be treated by heat and refrigeration, and comprises a can adapted to contain blood or serum. 2 designates a cabinet adapted to contain a plurality of cans, 3 vertical steel posts at the corners of the cabinet, and 4: horizontal beams attached to the upper ends of the posts to form a fixed frame extending upwardly from the cabinet, the whole comprlsmg a unitary structure adapted to support the cans and means for treating liquid in the cans as later described.

The treating means includes agitating elements mounted in the cans and represented by shafts 5 for stirring the liquid.

The cans and agitating equipment therein may be of ordinary construction for pasteurizing and cooling serum.

The cabinet 2 comprises a tank or container adapted to support a plurality of cans l in spaced relation, with their agitator shafts parallel and in a vertical plane, and preferably includ-es a partition wall 6 dividing the cabinet into similar elongated compartments or tank sections 7 and 8, each of which is adapted to hold water.

The cabinet further comprises side walls 9, end walls 10, and a bottom wall ll, said eX- terior and dividing walls including an insulating body such as fine cork board. Linings l2 comprising copper-containing galvanized metal adapted to resist corrosion, cover the inner surfaces of the compartments.

On the bottom of each compartment are mounted spaced parallel channels 13 spaced from and parallel to the side walls 9 and adapted to support a plurality of cans 1. The channels are preferably arranged in pairs, the flanges of the inner pair being directed to the aXis of the compartment, and the flanges of the outside channels being directed outwardly and adapted to extend to the extremities of diameters of the cans.

The webs of the several channels are equally spaced from adjacent channels to accommodate the longitudinally extending portions 14 of a steam coil 15 mounted in the compartment, and the outer channels are spaced sufliciently from the side walls to accommodate two of the longitudinally extending portions 14. The ends of the channels are spaced sufliciently from the end wall and partition to accommodate the loops 16 forming the convolutions of the coil, and also a transverse pipe portion 17 connected with a vertical steam inlet pipe 18 leading from a steam line 19.

The opposite end of the steam coil is connected with outlet pipes 2O at each end of the tank.

Each compartment is adapted to contain a body of water delivered through a supply line 21 by a pump 22 supported by the frame. A pipe 23 extending beneath the compartment and communicating therewith is connected with the pump for removing water from the compartment and for circulating water through the compartment and over the cans for eecting exchange of heat between the water and the contents of the cans.

A flanged connection 24 is installed in the side of the tank to receive the tube 25 of an automatic steam regulator 26 connected with the steam coil inlet pipe 18 and supported by the frame for automatically shutting oil' steam supply when the Water has been heated to a predetermined degree.

The apparatus described is especially adapted for providing a body of Water to be heated by the steam coil for heating the cans and serum therein to pasteurizing temperature, draining the hot water, and passing relatively cool water at normal temperature over the cans to effect initial cooling of the serum.

Refrigerating means adapted to confer cooling treatment after the initial cooling has been effected, includes spiral direct expansion coils 27 encircling each can and forming pockets in which the cans are removably positioned.

The coils 27 in each compartment comprise a connected series, having an inlet or ammonia supply pipe 28 provided with a manually operable shut-olf valve 29, and a coil outlet or return pipe 30 provided with a manually operable valve 31.

The tank sections or compartments are arranged in longitudinal alignment to form a series, the inlets and outlets of the several series of expansion coils mounted in the cabinet being connected with common supply and suction lines 32 and 33.

A single liquid control governor 34 interposed in the supply linek 32 is controlled by pressure of an expansive fluid in a jacket 35 on the suction line which is subject to the temperature of iuid in the suction line.

A back pressure switch element 36 located in the .suction line and connected with electrical circuit wires 37 and 38 is responsive to changes in pressure therein for automatically controlling a compressor motor 39. When the apparatus is delivering ammonia tol the expansion coils, the back pressure svvitch will be operated to close the circuit through the motor and start the compressor.

Vihen the ammonia is shut off from the cooling coils the suction will be reduced and the back pressure switch will be oppositely operated to break the circuit and effect suspension of operation of the motor and compressor.

The control means above described is further and particularly serviceable in combination with the heating and cooling means illustrated, because the back pressure switch will respond to high pressure created in the cooling coils by heating and expansion of ammonia that may be present therein when steam is turne-d into the heating coils.

A metal lined cover 40 is provided for each of the tank sections of the cabinet which may be applied for closing the .sections during heating and cooling periods, and which may be easily removed for installation, inspection, and removal of cans, the cover being suitably formed to accommodate the vertical pipe portions and the shafts of the agitating elements.

The cabinet is supported by legs 41 including threaded portions 42 whereby they are adapted for adjustment for leveling the cabinet on a floor.

The coils in the cabinet are galvanized to prevent corrosion, and joints of pipes in the cabinet are welded to prevent leakage.

Supported by the frame preferably by brackets 43 depending from the longitudinal horizontal frame members are rails 44 and 45 comprising roller receiving channels or tracks of the hanger type for a horizontally traveling carriage including angle bars 46 and 47 forming an Lipper carriage platform. A motor (not shown) mounted on the platform is adapted to operate multiple agitator actuating shafts 48 which may be enga-ged with the shafts 5 for agitating the liquid in the cans.

Rods 49 depending from the platform and having lower ends connected by a plate 50, l

slidably support a vertically traveling carriage 51 on which recording indicator thermometers 52 are mounted, having tubes 54 adapted to be let into and withdrawn from the cans upon vertical movement of the car- .1

riage.

The steam regulating devices 26 are mounted on a bracket 55 fixed to an upright 56 having opposite ends attached to the cabinet and the frame, the tubes 25 extending extel riorly of the frame and cabinet to the connections 24.

The pump for delivering and circulating water issupported on a shelf 57 fixed to the upright posts at one end of the supporting structure, and a motor 58 is also supported on the shelf for driving the pump.

Water may be drawn from a compartment through the pipe 23 or may be returned to the compartment for recirculating water over the coils, and agitating water in the compartment.

The pump is connected by a pipe with a source of water supply, and tubes 61 may be connected to the water lines for transferring hot or cold water from one compartment to another. An overflow pipe 62 is provided for each compartment. The several fluid lines are suitably valved for controlling the flow of fini-ds and effecting desired connections between the severalv sets of water pipes.

Brackets or shelves may be movably mounted on the apparatus for movement longitudinally thereof for supporting containers and conveying the containers from one compartment to another. One movable shelf 63 is illustrated as having rollers 64 engaging vertically7 spaced rails 65 secured to the longitudinal wall opposite to that which receives the steam regulator tubes 25.

The cans l may be the type of containers ordinarily employed for treating serum, including covers 66 in which the agitator shafts are mounted to receive the clutching ends of actuating shafts 48, and having thermometer walls through which the bulbs of thermometers may be introduced.

ln applying the invention, a cabinet may be constructed having two longitudinally aligned tank sections, each adapted to support three cans, and suitable connections will be made for supplying steam, cool water, and refrigerant.

Cans containing serum will be installed in one of the tank sections, the section will be filled with water, and the steam will be turned on. The water will be heated to a predetermined degree, for example o C. and will be held at such temperature for a suitable period, for example half an hour, for pasteurizing the serum.

The supply of steam for heating the water and maintaining its temperature will be controlled by the regulator including the tube extending into the tank section.

The hot water is then drained from the section, and cold water circulated over the cans for taking out the high heat of the blood, and initially cooling the same. The serum temperature may be reduced to approximately 350 by the water.

The refrigerant is then delivered to the eX- pansion coils, for further withdrawal of heat from the serum. yWVater may or may not be circulated over the cans to accelerate thecooling action. I prefer to suspend delivery of water to the tank section, and retain a body of water in contact with the cans for transmitting heat from the serum to the refrigerant in the cooling coils.

the cans during an entire series of treating steps, including application of heat, removal of hot water, circulation of cool water, and

application of refrigerant.

The vertically traveling carriage may be lowered to facilitate introduction of the thermometer bulbs into the cans, for recording the temperatures of the several lots of serum during treatment.

When the serum in the cans of one comp artment has been treated, the horizontally traveling carriage may be shifted to another compartment for applying the actuating shafts to agitator elements in cans contained by the other compartment, and locating the vertically moving carriagein suitable position for introducing the bulbs of the recording thermometers into the cans.

The water line valves may be manipulated to enable the pump to transfer hot water from one compartment to the other, and similarly to transfer cold water, following the respective heating and cooling treatments in the first named compartment.

The several tank sections may be employed independently, but are described as coordinated and the cooling coils connected with common supply and suction lines, in order to apply the heating step to one section while the cooling steps are being applied to the other section, thus economizing the use of equipment and employing the equipment to the greatest advantage.

Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In apparatus of the character described, in combination with a container, a refrigerant supply, and a steam supply, a cabinet adapted to hold water and receive the container, a steam coil in the cabinet connected with said steam supply for heating water contained by the cabinet for heating the container, means for circulating water at normal temperature from said supply means through the cabinet to initially cool the container, and an expansion coil connected with said refrigerant supply for completing the cooling of the container.

2. In apparatus of the character described, in combination with a container for liquid to be treated, and refrigerating means, a tank adapted to contain water and support the container immersed in the water, means including a steam coil in the bottom of the tank Vfor heating the water to heat the liquid in the container, means for draining off the water heated by the steam coil, means for applying water at normal temperature to the container for initially cooling the liquid therein, and a coil in the tank connected with said refrifgerating means for effecting refrigeration o the liquid in the container.

3. Refrigerating apparatus including a Water-containing tank, a frame supported by the tank, means including a plurality of sets of coils in the tank for alternately applying heating and cooling ei'ects to Water in the tank, and means including a pump supported lly the frame for changing Water in the tan In testimony whereof I aiX my signature.

FREDERICK E. HARTMANN. 

